Aleksandr Druzhkov, Yaser Alghanmi, Maarten Brugman, Salvatore Pitti, Raoul Blankestijn
DOI: 10.15199/17.2025.7-8.1, GWiTS 7-8/2025, lipiec-sierpień 2025
Pobierz PDF (Open Access)
Abstract:
The need for reliable measurements of H2 and CO2 is no longer an industrial challenge connected only to process optimization goals. Accurate accountability of H2 and CO2 has become an essential requirement with wider social responsibility to mitigate the impact of global warming and achieve Net Zero Energy targets. As the industry advances projects to produce and transport H2, regulations and research projects attempt to develop the guidelines and legislations necessary to support accelerating readiness for the energy transition, while establishing a unified governance to the quality and measurement controls. Unlike H2, there are various forms of regulations, standards and legislations to govern CO2 emissions. These can vary significantly as it relates to the control measures and methods. While the global economy reaches a uniform approach to define and govern the elements of H2 and CO2 for the purpose of the energy transition, the most urgent question is how to accurately account and report H2 and CO2. The common consensus among industry leaders and technical researchers indicate that Coriolis Flow Metering is the most versatile and accurate technology to measure H2 and CO2 throughout the value chain in various phases.
Keywords: carbon dioxide, Coriolis, measuring systems.
Streszczenie:
Potrzeba wiarygodnych pomiarów H2 i CO2 nie jest już wyzwaniem przemysłowym, związanym wyłącznie z celami optymalizacji procesów. Dokładne rozliczanie H2 i CO2 stało się zasadniczym wymogiem, który wiąże się z szerszą odpowiedzialnością społeczną, w zakresie łagodzenia skutków globalnego ocieplenia i osiągania celów zerowego zużycia energii netto.W miarę jak branża rozwija projekty dotyczące produkcji i transportu H2, przepisy i projekty badawcze dążą do opracowania wytycznych i przepisów, niezbędnych do przyspieszenia przygotowań do transformacji energetycznej, przy jednoczesnym ustanowieniu jednolitego zarządzania kontrolą jakości i pomiarów. W przeciwieństwie do zagadnień dotyczących H2, istnieją różne formy przepisów, norm i ustawodawstwa regulującego emisję CO2, które mogą się znacznie różnić w odniesieniu do środków i metod kontroli. Chociaż globalna gospodarka osiąga jednolite podejście do definiowania i regulowania składników H2 i CO2 na potrzeby transformacji energetycznej, to najpilniejszym pytaniem jest, jak dokładnie rozliczać i raportować ilości H2 i CO2. Zgodnie ze wspólną opinią liderów branży i badaczy technicznych, przepływomierz Coriolisa jest najbardziej uniwersalną i dokładną technologią pomiaru dla H2 i CO2 w całym łańcuchu wartości na różnych etapach.
Słowa kluczowe: dwutlenek węgla, Coriolis, systemy pomiarowe.
Bibliografia
[1] Alghanmi Y., Brugman M., Druzhkov A., Pitti S., Sautier S., Buttler M.2022. “Flow Meter Performance for The New Hydrogen and Carbon Capture”, Global Flow Measurement Workshop 25 – 27 October 2022
[2] Ammar A.A., Samah Z.N., Tye C.T.,Mohd R.O.,” Evaluation of hydrogen concentration effect on the natural gas properties and flow performance”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46 :974-983.
[3] Brown, R., Chinello, G., 2024. “Investigation of the transferability of calibration between alternative fluids for liquid and dense phase carbon dioxide flow measurement”. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, p.102644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102644
[4] Collie G.J., Nazeri M., Jahanbakhsh A., Lin Ch-W., Maroto-Valer M.M.2017. “Review of flowmeters for carbon dioxide transport in CCS applications”, Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology 7(1) :10-28.
[5] Costa F., Mills C., Garcia D., Gomez J., Pereira, L. O.,2023. “Optimizing Coriolis Flowmeter Performance for the Brazilian O&G Industry: Influence Factors and Calibration Strategies. Flow Measurement,” 41st Global Flow Measurement Workshop, Norway, Tønsberg 24-26 October 2023.
[6] Gugole F., Schakel M. D., Druzhkov A., Brugman M.2024. “Assessment of alternative fluid calibration to estimate traceable liquefied hydrogen flow measurement uncertainty”. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 77, 2024, 1056-1065.
[7] Hemp J., Kutin J.,2006.” Theory of errors in Coriolis flowmeter readings due to compressibility of the fluid being metered”, Flow measurement and Instrumentation, vol. 17: 359-369.
[8] de Jonge T, Patten T, Rivetti A., Serio L.2002.” Development of a mass flowmeter based on the Coriolis acceleration for liquid, supercritical and superfluid helium”. 19th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference, Grenoble, France, 22 – 26 Jul 2002, pp.647-650.
[9] Kocbach J.M., Holstad M.B., Skålvik A.M., Folgerø K., Ystad B., Lohne K.D., Soldal E.L., Losnegård S., Paulsen A., outon G., Teberikler L.2020.” Where do we stand on flow metering for CO2 handling and storage?” 38th International North Sea Flow Measurement Workshop, Aberdeen 26-29 October 2020.
[10] Liu R.P., Fuent M.J., Henry M.P., Duta M.D.2001.” A neural network to correct mass flow errors caused by two-phase flow in a digital coriolis mass flowmeter”. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 12(1): 53-63.
[11] Mills C., Chinello G.2022.” Flow Measurement in support of Carbon Capture utilization and storage”, FLOMEKO 2022, Chongqing, China. Online [accessed 22 April 2024].
[12] Patten A.T., Garnett R.B. 2022.” Method of compensating for mass flow using known density”. US 11486752 B2.
[13] van Putten D., Kruithof R., Flow meter performance under CO2 gaseous conditions, North Sea Flow Measurement Workshop, Norway, Tønsberg 26-29 October 2021.
[14] Restelli F., Spatolisano E., Pellegrini L.A., Cattaneo S, de Angelis A.R., Lainati A., Roccaro E. 2024. ”Liquefied hydrogen value chain: A detailed techno-economic evaluation for its application in the industrial and mobility sectors”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 52: 454-466.
[15] Shuangjie Y., Guanwei J., Weiqing X., Rui L., Maolin C.2024.” Numerical simulation of the transport and thermodynamic properties of imported natural gas injected with hydrogen in the manifold”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 55: 826-838.
[16] Spatolisano E., Restelli F., Pellegrini L.A., Cattaneo S., de Angelis A.R., Lainati A., Roccaro E. 2024. ”Liquefied hydrogen, ammonia and liquid organic hydrogen carriers for harbour-to-harbour hydrogen transport: A sensitivity study”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 80: 1424-1431.
[17] Tang P.W.2008.” Measurement Uncertainty Analysis of a Close-loop High Pressure Turbine Meter Calibration Facility”. Canadian Hydrocarbon Measurement School, Conference, Calgary. 2008, April.
[18] Valenta T., Literature Study: Use of Hydrogen in pipelines in Europe, MET4H2, 22 May 2024.
[19] Wetenhall B., Aghajani H., Chalmers H., Benson S.D., Ferrari M-C., Li J., Race J.M., Singh P., Davison J.2014.” Impact of CO2 impurity on CO2 compression, liquefaction and transportation” Energy Procedia (63): 2764 – 2778.
[20] Wu T.Y., Kenbar A., Pruysen A.2021.” LNG mass flowrate measurement using Coriolis flowmeters: Analysis of the measurement uncertainties”, Measurement, Volume 177, 109258.