Elisa Blumenthal, Paulina Ormaniec, Jerzy Mikosz
DOI: 10.15199/17.2025.4.4, GWiTS 4/2025, kwiecień 2025
Pobierz PDF (Open Access)
Streszczenie:
Mikroplastiki stanowią rosnące zagrożenie dla środowiska, a ścieki komunalne są jednym z ich istotnych źródeł. Oczyszczalnie ścieków to miejsca, gdzie mikroplastiki są usuwane ze ścieków i akumulowane w osadach ściekowych. Wiedza na temat zawartości mikroplastików w ściekach, ich wielkości, kształtu i innych właściwości fizycznych i chemicznych jest konieczna do opracowania technologii ich usuwania ze ścieków. W tym celu próbki ścieków i osadów ściekowych muszą być odpowiednio przygotowane do oznaczania zawartości mikroplastików. W artykule omówiono formy mikroplastików w ściekach, przedstawiono wpływ poszczególnych procesów technologicznych na usuwanie mikroplastików oraz stosowane sposoby obróbki próbek w celu identyfikacji i analizy ilościowej mikroplastików.
Słowa kluczowe: ścieki komunalne, osady ściekowe, mikroplastik, polimery, oczyszczalnia ścieków.
Abstract:
Microplastics are a growing threat to the environment, and municipal wastewater is one significant source of them. Wastewater treatment plants are sites where microplastics are removed from wastewater and accumulate in sewage sludge. Knowledge of the content of microplastics in wastewater, their size, shape and other physical and chemical properties is necessary to develop technologies for their removal from wastewater. To this end, wastewater and sludge samples need to be properly prepared for the determination of microplastics. This article discusses the forms of microplastics in wastewater, presents the influence of individual technological processes on microplastic removal and the sample treatment methods used to identify and quantify microplastics.
Keywords: municipal wastewater, sewage sludge, microplastic, polymers, wastewater treatment plant.
Bibliografia
[1] Alvim, C. B., Mendoza-Roca, J. A., Bes-Pià, A. (2020). Wastewater treatment plant as microplastics release source – Quantification and identification techniques. Journal of Environmental Management, 255, 109739.
[2] Blumenthal, E. (2022). Pretreatment methods for microplastics isolation from wastewater and sludge samples (M.Sc. thesis). Politechnika Krakowska & Università degli Studi di Cagliari.
[3] Hamidian, A. H., Ozumchelouei, E. J., Feizi, F., Wu, C., Zhang, Y., Yang, M. (2021). A review on the characteristics of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: A source for toxic chemicals. Journal of Cleaner Production, 295, 126480.
[4] Lares, M., Ncibi, M. C., Sillanpää, M., Sillanpää, M. (2018). Occurrence, identification and removal of microplastic particles and fibers in conventional activated sludge process and advanced MBR technology. Water Research, 133, 236-246.
[5] Magni, S., Binelli, A., Pittura, L., Avio, C. G., Della Torre, C., Parenti, C. C., Gorbi, S., Regoli, F. (2018). The fate of microplastics in an Italian Wastewater Treatment Plant. Science of the Total Environment, 652, 602-610.
[6] Quinn, B., Murphy, F., Ewins, C. (2016). Validation of density separation for the rapid recovery of microplastics from sediment. Analytical Methods, 9, 1491-1498.
[7] Rodrigues, M. O., Gonçavles, A. M. M., Gonçavles, F. J. M., Nogueira, H., Marques, J. C. (2018). Effectiveness of a methodology of microplastic isolation for environmental monitoring in freshwater systems. Ecological Indicators, 89, 488-495.
[8] Sun, J., Dai, X., Wang, Q., van Loosdrecht, M. C. M., Ni, B. (2018). Microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: Detection, occurrence and removal. Water Research, 152, 21-37.
[9] Lv, X., Dong, Q., Zuo, Z., Liu, Y., Huang, X., Wu, W.-M. (2019). Microplastics in a municipal wastewater treatment plant: Fate, dynamic distribution, removal efficiencies, and control strategies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 225, 579-586.
[10] Zeri, C., Adamopoulou, A., Koi, A., Koutsikos, N., Lytras, E., Dimitriou, E. (2021). Rivers and wastewater-treatment plants as microplastics pathways to Eastern Mediterranean waters: First records for the Aegean Sea, Greece. Sustainability, 13(10), 5328.