Abdul Qudus, Habib Salam Abayomi, Jan Bogacki
DOI: 10.15199/17.2025.10.4, GWiTS 10/2025, październik 2025
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Abstract:
This study presents a comparative analysis of chemical and natural coagulants, focusing on the removal of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) from wastewater generated by the cosmetics industry. The novelty of this work lies in the use of bio-based materials, specifically wood powder and hazelnut shell powder, as alternative coagulants, and in evaluating their performance against conventional iron-based coagulants (PIX-110, PIX-111, PIX-112, PIX-113, and PIX-122) as well as the anionic flocculant AN 913 SH. Experimental results demonstrated that the natural coagulants significantly outperformed the most effective chemical coagulant (PIX-111), which achieved a TOC removal efficiency of 22.15%. In contrast, wood powder and hazelnut shells achieved TOC removal efficiencies of up to 80.3% and 82.16%, respectively. The use of natural coagulants also resulted in lower chemical consumption and reduced sludge production. Notably, iron-based coagulants substantially decreased the pH of the treated wastewater, necessitating post-treatment pH adjustment—a drawback not observed with natural coagulants. These findings underscore the potential of agricultural waste-derived materials as effective and environmentally sustainable alternatives for TOC removal in industrial wastewater treatment.
Keywords: cosmetic wastewater, wastewater treatment, iron-based coagulants, natural coagulants, flocculation, organic pollution
Streszczenie:
Praca przedstawia analizę porównawczą skuteczności koagulantów chemicznych i naturalnych, koncentrując się na usuwaniu Ogólnego Węgla Organicznego (OWO) ze ścieków przemysłu kosmetycznego. Nowość pracy polega na zastosowaniu organicznych materiałów odpadowych, w szczególności wiórów drzewnych i mielonych łupin orzecha laskowego, jako alternatywnych koagulantów, oraz na ocenie ich skuteczności w porównaniu z konwencjonalnymi koagulantami na bazie żelaza (PIX-110, PIX-111, PIX-112, PIX-113 i PIX-122) oraz anionowym flokulantem AN 913 SH. Wyniki eksperymentów wykazały, że naturalne koagulanty znacząco przewyższały skutecznością najefektywniejszy koagulant chemiczny (PIX-111), o skuteczności usuwania OWO 22,15%. Natomiast wióry drzewne i łupiny orzecha laskowego umożliwiły usunięcie OWO odpowiednio do 80,3% i 82,16%. Zastosowanie naturalnych koagulantów skutkowało również niższym zużyciem chemikaliów i mniejszą produkcją osadu. Warto zauważyć, że koagulanty na bazie żelaza istotnie obniżały pH oczyszczanych ścieków, co wymagało dodatkowej korekty pH — efekt ten nie występował w przypadku koagulantów naturalnych. Wyniki te podkreślają potencjał materiałów pochodzących z odpadów rolniczych jako skutecznych i ekologicznie zrównoważonych alternatyw do usuwania OWO w oczyszczaniu ścieków przemysłowych.
Słowa kluczowe: ścieki kosmetyczne, oczyszczanie ścieków, koagulanty na bazie żelaza, koagulanty naturalne, flokulacja, zanieczyszczenia organiczne
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