![\"ORCID](\"http:\/\/gwits.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ORCID.png\")
<\/a>, J\u00f3zef Dziopak <\/a>, Zbigniew Kowalewski <\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nDOI: 10.15199\/17.2025.3.3<\/strong>, GWiTS 3\/2025, marzec 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pobierz PDF<\/a> (Open Access)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Abstract:<\/strong> Keywords:<\/strong> wastewater treatment plants, circularity, raw materials, simulation models.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Streszczenie:<\/strong> S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> oczyszczalnie \u015bciek\u00f3w, gospodarka o obiegu zamkni\u0119tym, surowce, modele symulacyjne.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bibliografia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n [1] Aguiar, S. E., Zhang, M., Romero-Flores, A., Johnson, T., Cusick, R. D. (2022). Modeling the plantwide implications of struvite loss from sidestream precipitation reactors. ACS ES & T Engineering<\/em>, 2(5), 874\u2013885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsestengg.1c00404<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [2] Arnell, M., Rahmberg, M., Oliveira, F., Jeppsson, U. (2017). Multi-objective performance assessment of wastewater treatment plants combining plant-wide process models and life cycle assessment. Journal of Water and Climate Change<\/em>, 8(4), 715\u2013729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wcc.2017.179<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [3] Cornejo, P. K. (2015). Environmental sustainability of wastewater treatment plants with resource recovery: The impact of context. https:\/\/digitalcommons.usf.edu\/etd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [4] Diaz-Elsayed, N., Rezaei, N., Guo, T., Mohebbi, S., Zhang, Q. (2019). Wastewater-based resource recovery technologies across scale: A review. Resources, Conservation & Recycling<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resconrec.2018.12.035<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [5] Drechsel, P., Mahjoub, O., Keraita, B. (2015). Social and cultural dimensions in wastewater use. Wastewater<\/em> (pp. 75\u201392). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-017-9545-6_5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [6] Duan, M., O\u2019Dwyer, E., Stuckey, D. C., Guo, M. (2019). Wastewater to resource: Design of a sustainable phosphorus recovery system. ChemistryOpen<\/em>, 8(8), 1109\u20131120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/open.201900189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [7] Dynamita. (2020). Sumo manual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [8] Envirosim. (n.d.). BioWin help manual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [9] FAO. (2022). The state of the world\u2019s land and water resources for food and agriculture 2021 \u2013 systems at breaking point<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4060\/cb9910en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [10] Faris, A. M., Zwain, H. M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Siadatmousavi, S. M. (2022). Modeling of novel processes for eliminating sidestreams impacts on full-scale sewage treatment plant using GPS-X7. Scientific Reports<\/em>, 12(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-07071-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [11] Fern\u00e1ndez-Ar\u00e9valo, T., Lizarralde, I., Fdz-Polanco, F., P\u00e9rez-Elvira, S. I., Garrido, J. M., Puig, S., Poch, M., Grau, P., Ayesa, E. (2017). Quantitative assessment of energy and resource recovery in wastewater treatment plants based on plant-wide simulations. Water Research<\/em>, 118, 272\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2017.04.001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [12] Fern\u00e1ndez-Ar\u00e9valo, T., Lizarralde, I., Maiza, M., Beltr\u00e1n, S., Grau, P., Ayesa, E. (2017). Diagnosis and optimization of WWTPs using the PWM library: Full-scale experiences. Water Science and Technology<\/em>, 75(3), 518\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2016.482<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [13] Fishwick, P. (1995). Simulation model design. Proceedings of the 1994 Winter Simulation Conference<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [14] Flores-Alsina, X., Ramin, E., Ikumi, D., Harding, T., Batstone, D., Brouckaert, C., Sotemann, S., Gernaey, K. V. (2021). Assessment of sludge management strategies in wastewater treatment systems using a plant-wide approach. Water Research<\/em>, 190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116714<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [15] Hanhoun, M., Montastruc, L., Azzaro-Pantel, C., Biscans, B., Fr\u00e8che, M., Pibouleau, L. (2011). Temperature impact assessment on struvite solubility product: A thermodynamic modeling approach. Chemical Engineering Journal<\/em>, 167(1), 50\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2010.12.001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [16] The White House. (2012). National bioeconomy blueprint. Industrial Biotechnology<\/em>, 8(3), 97\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ind.2012.1524<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [17] Hydromantis. (2018). GPS-X Lite exercises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [18] Jlia, G., Zhang, H., Krampe, J., Muster, T., Gao, B., Zhu, N., Jin, B. (2017). Applying a chemical equilibrium model for optimizing struvite precipitation for ammonium recovery from anaerobic digester effluent. Journal of Cleaner Production<\/em>, 147, 297\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.01.116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [19] Kiselev, A. V., Magaril, E. R. (2019). Ensuring water treatment assessment within spatial ecological and economic security framework towards circular economy. Bulletin of Ural Federal University Series Economic and Management<\/em>, 18, 911\u2013929.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [20] Kroiss, H. (2004). What is the potential for utilizing the resources in sludge? Water Science and Technology<\/em>, 49(10), 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2004.0595<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [21] Kumar, V., Bilal, M., Ferreira, L. F. R. (2022). Editorial: Recent trends in integrated wastewater treatment for sustainable development. Frontiers in Microbiology<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.846503<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [22] Van Leeuwen, K., de Vries, E., Koop, S., Roest, K. (2018). The energy and raw materials factory. Environmental Management<\/em>, 61(5), 786\u2013795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00267-018-0995-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [23] Lin, Y., Guo, M., Shah, N., Stuckey, D. C. (2016). Economic and environmental evaluation of nitrogen removal and recovery methods from wastewater. Bioresource Technology<\/em>, 215, 227\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2016.03.064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [24] Van Loosdrecht, M. C. M., Brdjanovic, D. (2014). Anticipating the next century of wastewater treatment. Science<\/em>, 344(6191), 1452\u20131453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1255183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [25] Marleni, N. N. N., Putri, K. N. R., Istiqomah, N. A. (2020). Resource recovery potential of wastewater treatment plants in Yogyakarta. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science<\/em>, 599, 012071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1755-1315\/599\/1\/012071<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [26] Morrissey, K. G., English, L., Thoma, G., Popp, J. (2022). Prospective life cycle assessment and cost analysis of electrochemical struvite recovery. Sustainability<\/em>, 14(20). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su142013657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [27] Musvoto, E. V., Wentzel, M. C., Ekama, G. A. (1999). Integrated chemical-physical processes modelling-II. Simulating aeration treatment of anaerobic digester supernatants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [28] Nair, A. M., Haugen, F. A., Ratnaweera, H. (2021). Economic model predictive control for optimal struvite recovery. Journal of Environmental Management<\/em>, 280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.111830<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [29] Natividad Marin, L., Burns, M. W., Schneider, P. (2023). A comparison of struvite precipitation thermodynamics and kinetics modelling techniques. Water Science and Technology<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2023.061<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [30] Papa, M., Foladori, P., Guglielmi, L., Bertanza, G. (2017). How far are we from closing the loop of sewage resource recovery? Journal of Environmental Management<\/em>, 198, 9\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.04.061<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [31] Peccia, J., Westerhoff, P. (2015). We should expect more out of our sewage sludge. Environmental Science & Technology<\/em>, 49(14), 8271\u20138276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5b01931<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [32] Perwitasari, D. S., Bayuseno, A. P., Muryanto, S. (2018). Modeling and optimization of struvite crystal scaling using experimental design methodology for maleic acid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [33] Petzoldt, C. S., L\u00f3pez Moreda, I. (2016). Modelling the thermodynamic equilibrium of struvite precipitation using a hybrid optimization technique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [34] Pikaar, I., Guest, J., Ganigu\u00e9, R., Jensen, P., Rabaey, K., Seviour, T., Trimmer, J., van der Kolk, O., Vaneeckhaute, C., Verstraete, W. Resource recovery from water: Principles and application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [35] Pikaar, I., Doedere, K., van den Brand, T., van der Kolk, O., Gernjak, W. (2022). Resource recovery from water<\/em>. IWA Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/9781780409566<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [36] Puchongkawarin, C., Gomez-Mont, C., Stuckey, D. C., Chachuat, B. (2015). Optimization-based methodology for the development of wastewater facilities for energy and nutrient recovery. Chemosphere<\/em>, 140, 150\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.08.061<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [37] Puyol, D., Batstone, D. J., H\u00fclsen, T., Astals, S., Peces, M., Kr\u00f6mer, J. O. (2017). Resource recovery from wastewater by biological technologies. Frontiers in Microbiology<\/em>, 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02106<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [38] Regmi, P., Stewart, H., Amerlinck, Y., Arnell, M., Garc\u00eda, P. J., Johnson, B., Maere, T., et al. (2019). The future of WRRF modelling. Water Science and Technology<\/em>, 79(1), 3\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2018.498<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [39] Rodriguez, D. J., Serrano, H. A., Delgado, A., Nolasco, D., Saltiel, G. (2020). From waste to resource: Shifting paradigms for smarter wastewater interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean<\/em>. www.worldbank.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [40] Shalaby, M. S., El-Rafie, S., Hamzaoui, A. H., M\u2019nif, A. (2015). Modeling and optimization of phosphate recovery from industrial wastewater. Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly<\/em>, 29(1), 35\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15255\/CABEQ.2014.2107<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [41] Shaw, A., Koch, D., Wirtel, S., Britton, A., Lefler, Y., O\u2019Connor, C., Lu, T. Phosphorus recovery as a strategy to meet tightening effluent standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [42] Sokolowski, J. A., Banks, C. M. Modelling and simulation fundamentals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [43] Solon, K., Volcke, E. I. P., Sp\u00e9randio, M., van Loosdrecht, M. C. M. (2019). Resource recovery and wastewater treatment modelling. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology<\/em>, 5(4), 631\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C8EW00765A<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [44] Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F. L., Stensel, H. D. (2014). Wastewater engineering: Treatment and reuse<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [45] Tomei, M. C., Stazi, V., Daneshgar, S., Capodaglio, A. G. (2020). Holistic approach to phosphorus recovery. Sustainability<\/em>, 12(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su12020575<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [46] T\u00fcrker, M., \u00c7elen, I. (2011). Chemical equilibrium model of struvite precipitation from anaerobic digester effluents. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences<\/em>, 35(1), 39\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3906\/muh-1008-15<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [47] UN. (2012). Managing water under uncertainty and risk report<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [48] UN. (2016). The state of renewable energies in Europe<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [49] UN. (2017a). A\/RES\/71\/222 International decade for action<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [50] UN. (2017b). Wastewater: The untapped resource<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [51] UN. (2022). The Sustainable Development Goals report<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [52] UN Water. (2016). Water and sanitation interlinkages across the 2030 agenda<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [53] Varjani, S., Pandey, A., Upasani, V. N. (2020). Oilfield waste treatment using bacterial consortium. Science of the Total Environment<\/em>, 745, 141043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141043<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [54] WEF. (2014). Moving toward resource recovery facilities<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [55] World Economic Forum. (2022). The Global Risks Report 2022<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [56] Xie, X., Giammar, D. E., Wang, Z. (2016). MINFIT: A spreadsheet-based tool for parameter estimation. Environmental Science and Technology<\/em>, 50(20), 11112\u201311120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.6b03399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [57] Yadav, G., Mishra, A., Ghosh, P., Sindhu, R., Vinayak, V., Pugazhendhi, A. (2021). Technical, economic and environmental feasibility of resource recovery. Science of the Total Environment<\/em>, 796, 149022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149022<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [58] Ye, X., Chu, D., Lou, Y., Ye, Z. L., Wang, M. K., Chen, S. (2017). Numerical simulation of flow hydrodynamics of struvite pellets. Journal of Environmental Sciences<\/em>, 57, 391\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2016.11.019<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [59] Yoshida, H., Li, Z., Forstner, G., Goel, R. (2019). Full scale implementation of AirPrex phosphorus recovery. WEFTEC 2018<\/em>, 5308\u20135316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2175\/193864718825138745<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Water management is one of the strategic economy sectors of any country intended for water resources use and protection and requires an operational and effective management system. Business\u2011as\u2011usual approaches have shown their insolvency and inability to achieve sustainable performance of the water sector on both global and local scales. In connection with this, there is an urgent need for a paradigm shift in the development of management strategies. The need for transformation from a prevailing linear strategy to a circular one is driven to a significant extent by increasing water scarcity and the depletion of mineral and energy resources. Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can be an important part of circular sustainability due to the integration of energy production, resource recovery and clean water production. Wastewater and sewage sludge can be reused to boost scarce resources and optimize future investments in the water and wastewater sector. The transformation of WWTPs must be based on a holistic approach assuming political, economic, environmental and social aspects, but the optimal recovery technology is a prerequisite for implementing circular economy (CE) solutions. Water\u2011and\u2011resource\u2011efficient technologies based on the 3Rs approach (Reduce, Replace and Reuse) should be adopted in the initial stage of planning and designing WWTPs. One of the efficient decision\u2011support tools for optimizing the design and modernization of WWTPs towards circular operation and management is simulation models, which allow assessment of the WWTP\u2019s recovery potential and profitability of planned investments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gospodarka wodna jest jednym ze strategicznych sektor\u00f3w gospodarki ka\u017cdego kraju, przeznaczonym do wykorzystania i ochrony zasob\u00f3w wodnych i wymaga operacyjnego i skutecznego systemu zarz\u0105dzania. Podej\u015bcie typu business\u2011as\u2011usual okaza\u0142o si\u0119 nieefektywne i nie prowadzi do osi\u0105gni\u0119cia zr\u00f3wnowa\u017conego rozwoju sektora wodnego w skali globalnej i lokalnej. W zwi\u0105zku z tym istnieje pilna potrzeba zmiany paradygmatu w strategiach jego zarz\u0105dzania. Potrzeba transformacji dominuj\u0105cego obecnie modelu liniowego na strategie obiegu zamkni\u0119tego jest w znacznym stopniu nap\u0119dzana rosn\u0105cym niedoborem wody i wyczerpywaniem si\u0119 zasob\u00f3w mineralnych i energetycznych. Miejskie oczyszczalnie \u015bciek\u00f3w (WWTP) mog\u0105 by\u0107 wa\u017cn\u0105 cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 zr\u00f3wnowa\u017conego rozwoju ze wzgl\u0119du na integracj\u0119 produkcji energii, czystej wody i odzyskiwania zasob\u00f3w. \u015acieki i osady \u015bciekowe mog\u0105 by\u0107 ponownie wykorzystywane w celu zwi\u0119kszenia ograniczonych zasob\u00f3w i optymalizacji przysz\u0142ych inwestycji w sektorze wodno\u2011\u015bciekowym. Transformacja oczyszczalni \u015bciek\u00f3w musi opiera\u0107 si\u0119 na holistycznym podej\u015bciu uwzgl\u0119dniaj\u0105cym aspekty polityczno\u2011ekonomiczne, \u015brodowiskowe i spo\u0142eczne, a optymalna technologia odzyskiwania jest warunkiem wst\u0119pnym wdro\u017cenia rozwi\u0105za\u0144 gospodarki o obiegu zamkni\u0119tym (CE). Technologie oparte na zasadach zamkni\u0119tego obiegu wody i zasob\u00f3w (tzw. podej\u015bcie 3R: Reduce, Replace and Reuse) powinny by\u0107 uwzgl\u0119dniane na pocz\u0105tkowym etapie planowania i projektowania oczyszczalni \u015bciek\u00f3w. Jednym z efektywnych narz\u0119dzi wspomagaj\u0105cych podejmowanie decyzji w celu optymalizacji projektowania i modernizacji oczyszczalni \u015bciek\u00f3w w kierunku gospodarki o obiegu zamkni\u0119tym i zarz\u0105dzania nimi s\u0105 modele symulacyjne, pozwalaj\u0105ce oceni\u0107 potencja\u0142 odzysku oczyszczalni \u015bciek\u00f3w i rentowno\u015b\u0107 planowanych inwestycji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"