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\n\n\n\nAbstract:<\/strong>
The analytical procedure for identifying microplastics (MPs) in municipal wastewater is hampered by the complex matrix nature of the samples, in which numerous organic and inorganic contaminants are present that compete in the isolation of MP particles. Therefore, separation of MPs requires multi-step density and chemical purification. In the absence of standard methods, various sample purification methods are used. The test sample is subjected to enzymatic digestion or chemical oxidation to remove organic matter. Subsequently, the remaining material is subjected to density separation using a solution of appropriate density to separate MP particles from inorganic particles. The floating fraction is filtered on membranes with 0.45\u20131.2 \u00b5m pores and dried in an oven, and then identification of the isolated MP particles is performed using an FTIR\/Raman spectrometer. The long time for sample preparation and analysis limits the scale of research and the reproducibility of measurements in different laboratories. This paper presents a comparative study on various methods of density and chemical separation of MP in municipal wastewater samples. The theoretical basis of the processes used is presented in the first part of the article.<\/p>\n\n\n\nKeywords:<\/strong> municipal wastewater, sewage sludge, microplastic, density separation, Fenton reaction, wastewater treatment plant.<\/p>\n\n\n\nStreszczenie:<\/strong>
Procedura analityczna identyfikacji mikroplastik\u00f3w (MP) w \u015bciekach komunalnych jest utrudniona przez z\u0142o\u017cony matrycowy charakter pr\u00f3bek, w kt\u00f3rych obecne s\u0105 liczne organiczne i nieorganiczne zanieczyszczenia konkuruj\u0105ce przy izolacji cz\u0105stek MP. Dlatego separacja MP wymaga wieloetapowego oczyszczania g\u0119sto\u015bciowego i chemicznego. Wobec braku metod standardowych stosowane s\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cne metody oczyszczania pr\u00f3bek. Badan\u0105 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 poddaje si\u0119 trawieniu enzymatycznemu lub utlenianiu chemicznemu w celu usuni\u0119cia materii organicznej. Kolejno, pozosta\u0142y materia\u0142 poddaje si\u0119 separacji g\u0119sto\u015bciowej z u\u017cyciem roztworu o odpowiedniej g\u0119sto\u015bci w celu odseparowania cz\u0105stek MP od cz\u0105stek nieorganicznych. Frakcj\u0119 p\u0142ywaj\u0105c\u0105 filtruje si\u0119 na membranach o porach 0,45\u20131,2 \u00b5m i suszy si\u0119 w suszarce, a nast\u0119pnie z u\u017cyciem spektrometru FTIR\/Ramana wykonuje si\u0119 identyfikacj\u0119 wyizolowanych cz\u0105stek MP. D\u0142ugi czas przygotowania i analizy pr\u00f3bek ogranicza skal\u0119 bada\u0144 i powtarzalno\u015b\u0107 pomiar\u00f3w w r\u00f3\u017cnych laboratoriach. W artykule przedstawiono badania por\u00f3wnawcze nad r\u00f3\u017cnymi metodami separacji g\u0119sto\u015bciowej i chemicznej MP w pr\u00f3bkach \u015bciek\u00f3w komunalnych. Podstawy teoretyczne stosowanych proces\u00f3w przedstawiono w pierwszej cz\u0119\u015bci artyku\u0142u.<\/p>\n\n\n\nS\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> \u015bcieki komunalne, osady \u015bciekowe, mikroplastik, separacja g\u0119sto\u015bciowa, reakcja Fentona, oczyszczalnia \u015bciek\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nBibliografia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[1] Alvim C. Bretas, Mendoza-Roca Jos\u00e9-Antonio, Bes-Pi\u00e0 A. 2020. \u201cWastewater treatment plant as microplastics release source \u2013 Quantification and identification techniques\u201d. Journal of Environmental Management 255, 109739.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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