{"id":1178,"date":"2025-06-01T12:04:00","date_gmt":"2025-06-01T12:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gwits.pl\/?p=1178"},"modified":"2026-02-25T23:39:43","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T23:39:43","slug":"woda-wodociagowa-pod-lupa-jak-wypada-na-tle-butelkowanejanaliza-przypadku-dla-legnickich-wodociagow-tap-water-compare-to-bottled-water-a-case-study-of-legnica-water-and-sewage-company","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gwits.pl\/en\/woda-wodociagowa-pod-lupa-jak-wypada-na-tle-butelkowanejanaliza-przypadku-dla-legnickich-wodociagow-tap-water-compare-to-bottled-water-a-case-study-of-legnica-water-and-sewage-company\/","title":{"rendered":"Woda wodoci\u0105gowa pod lup\u0105: jak wypada na tle butelkowanej?Analiza przypadku dla Legnickich Wodoci\u0105g\u00f3w \/Tap Water Compare to Bottled Water.A Case Study of Legnica Water and Sewage Company"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ma\u0142gorzata Wolska, Ma\u0142gorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DOI: <strong>10.15199\/17.2025.6.4<\/strong>,&nbsp;GWiTS 6\/2025, czerwiec&nbsp;2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gazwoda.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Openaccess\/2025\/101519917.202564.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pobierz PDF<\/a> (Open Access)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Streszczenie:<\/strong><br>W artykule przedstawiono por\u00f3wnanie sk\u0142adu fizykochemicznego oraz mikrobiologicznego w\u00f3d mineralnych z wod\u0105 oczyszczan\u0105 w Legnickich Wodoci\u0105gach. Oczyszczana woda, w tym przedsi\u0119biorstwie, jest wod\u0105 infiltracyjn\u0105 poddawan\u0105 napowietrzaniu, filtracji i dezynfekcji \u2013 analogicznie jak wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 w\u00f3d butelkowanych. Woda wodoci\u0105gowa charakteryzuje si\u0119 nisk\u0105 mineralizacj\u0105 oraz nieznaczn\u0105 zawarto\u015bci\u0105 substancji organicznych. Wykazuje r\u00f3wnie\u017c stabilno\u015b\u0107 biologiczn\u0105, a jej sk\u0142ad mineralny odpowiada profilowi w\u00f3d butelkowanych dost\u0119pnych na rynku, o niskim i \u015brednim stopniu mineralizacji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong><\/em> <em>Woda sto\u0142owa, woda mineralna, stopie\u0144 mineralizacji, agresywno\u015b\u0107, stabilno\u015b\u0107.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><br>This article presents a comparison of the physicochemical and microbiological composition of mineral waters with that of the treated water supplied by Legnica Water and Sewage Company. The treated water from this utility is infiltration water treated in aeration, filtration, and disinfection\u2014processes similar to those used for most bottled waters. The tap water is characterized by low mineralization and a minimal content of organic substances. It also demonstrates biological stability, and its mineral composition corresponds to that of bottled waters available on the market with low to medium mineralization levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Keywords:<\/strong><\/em> <em>Tap water, mineral water, degree of mineralization, aggressiveness, stability.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bibliografia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[1] SDG 6 Data Portal. (n.d.). Aggregates global water-use trends and access metrics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[2] Backer, H. D. (2016). Water disinfection. <em>The Travel and Tropical Medicine Manual<\/em>, 91\u2013111.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[3] Doria, M. F. (2006). Bottled water versus tap water: Understanding consumers&#8217; preferences. <em>Journal of Water and Health<\/em>, 4(2), 271\u2013276.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[4] Dziadkowiec, J. M., Balon, U. (2021). Segmentation of bottled water consumers in Poland. <a href=\"https:\/\/ibimapublishing.com\/p-articles\/37MKT\/2021\/37115021\/\">https:\/\/ibimapublishing.com\/p-articles\/37MKT\/2021\/37115021\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[5] Etale, A., Jobin, M., Siegrist, M. (2018). Tap versus bottled water consumption: The influence of social norms, affect and image on consumer choice. <em>Appetite<\/em>, 121, 138\u2013146.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[6] European Environment Agency. (n.d.). Water use in Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[7] Feng, W., Tarakbay, A., Memon, S. A., Tang, W., Cui, H. (2021). 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(2023). <em>Bottled water report 2023<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/collections.unu.edu\/eserv\/UNU:9106\/BottledWater_Report_Final_-compressed.pdf\">https:\/\/collections.unu.edu\/eserv\/UNU:9106\/BottledWater_Report_Final_-compressed.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[23] Vargas-Meza, J., Cervantes-Armenta, M. A., Campos-Nonato, I., Nieto, C., Marr\u00f3n-Ponce, J. A., Barquera, S., Rodr\u00edguez-Ram\u00edrez, S. (2022). Dietary sodium and potassium intake: Data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016. <em>Nutrients<\/em>, 14(2), 281.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[24] Yoo, I.-K., Jang, D.-H., Kwon, W., Lee, K.-H., Lim, J. (2020). Effect of water hardness on coffee composition and coffee preference by university students. <em>Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology<\/em>, 52(5), 435\u2013440.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[25] Zuccarello, P., Ferrante, M., Cristaldi, A., Copat, C., Grasso, A., Sangregorio, D., Fiori, M., Oliveri Conti, G. (2019). Exposure to microplastics (&lt;10 \u03bcm) associated to plastic bottles mineral water consumption: The first quantitative study. <em>Water Research<\/em>, 157, 365\u2013371.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\">Ma\u0142gorzata Wolska, Ma\u0142gorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz<\/div>\n<p> <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/gwits.pl\/en\/woda-wodociagowa-pod-lupa-jak-wypada-na-tle-butelkowanejanaliza-przypadku-dla-legnickich-wodociagow-tap-water-compare-to-bottled-water-a-case-study-of-legnica-water-and-sewage-company\/\" title=\"Woda wodoci\u0105gowa pod lup\u0105: jak wypada na tle butelkowanej?Analiza przypadku dla Legnickich Wodoci\u0105g\u00f3w \/Tap Water Compare to Bottled Water.A Case Study of Legnica Water and Sewage Company\"> &#8230;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[40],"class_list":["post-1178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-wszystkie_artykuly","tag-6-2025"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gwits.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gwits.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gwits.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gwits.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gwits.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1178"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/gwits.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2678,"href":"https:\/\/gwits.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1178\/revisions\/2678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gwits.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gwits.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gwits.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}